Core Technical Standards

In-depth analysis of global mainstream EV charging communication protocols, covering OCPP 1.6J/2.0.1 cloud communication, ISO 15118-2/20 Plug & Charge (PnC) standards, and VDV 261 preconditioning specifications. We provide technical guides ranging from protocol principles to Charge Bridge module implementation, helping you build highly interoperable charging infrastructure.

2026年3月13日

Deep Dive into CTEP (California Type Evaluation Program):Your Ticket to the Californian EV Charging Market

This article provides a comprehensive guide to the California Type Evaluation Program (CTEP), the mandatory metrology gateway for entering California's commercial EV charging market. It details the critical differences between CTEP and the nationwide NTEP standard, while unpacking the four major technical hurdles manufacturers face: mandatory physical displays, hyper-accurate kWh metering, offline fault tolerance for disconnected billing, and prolonged field testing cycles. Finally, it introduces Charge Stack Studio's "Charge Bridge"—a synergistic hardware and software solution utilizing the OCPP protocol—designed to help CPOs bypass lengthy R&D cycles, rapidly secure their Certificate of Approval (COA), and successfully unlock the North American market.
2026年3月12日

Deep Dive into Eichrecht (German Calibration Law): Ensuring Transparent and Fair EV Charging

Eichrecht (German Calibration Law) is a strict regulatory standard ensuring transparent and fair kWh-based billing for EV charging. Unlike the broader EU MID framework, Eichrecht mandates end-to-end data security and consumer verifiability. Compliance requires rigorous PTB type approval, independent public key infrastructure, and securely signing billing data in OCMF format for verification via Transparency Software. These complex cryptographic requirements create significant barriers for hardware manufacturers entering Germany. However, by integrating the Charge Bridge smart module from Charge Stack Studio, EV chargers can rapidly process high-concurrency digital signatures and encrypted payloads, overcoming stringent technical hurdles and securing a competitive edge in the European market.
2025年12月17日

VDV 261 Explained: Defining the New Standard for Electric Bus Preconditioning and Smart Charging

VDV 261 is a pivotal communication standard in the European electric public transport sector, primarily designed to manage the "preconditioning" (thermal control) of electric buses. This article provides an in-depth analysis of how VDV 261 operates on top of ISO 15118 and OCPP protocols, enabling operators to automatically regulate interior temperatures before departure—thereby optimizing range and enhancing passenger comfort. Furthermore, we explore how the Charge Bridge module serves as a communication bridge to resolve device interoperability issues, empowering fleets to achieve fully automated smart management.
2025年12月17日

ISO 15118 Under the Hood: The Cryptography and PKI Trust Architecture Behind Plug & Charge

Behind the convenience of Plug & Charge lies a sophisticated security architecture comparable to banking systems. Moving beyond surface-level concepts, this article dives into the technical core of ISO 15118. We dissect the hybrid symmetric and asymmetric encryption mechanisms, detail the establishment of the PKI trust chain from the V2G Root CA to end devices, and interpret how the VDE-AR-E 2802-100-1 application guide builds a complete PnC ecosystem. Finally, we demonstrate how the Charge Bridge module transforms these complex low-level protocols into out-of-the-box product capabilities.
2025年12月17日

Plug & Charge Deep Dive: Simplifying the EV Charging Experience

Plug & Charge is revolutionizing the EV charging experience, but not all "plug-and-play" solutions are created equal. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the critical differences between native ISO 15118-based PnC technology and Autocharge (MAC address authentication), exploring the underlying security mechanisms and implementation challenges. Furthermore, we reveal how the Charge Bridge hardware module empowers charger manufacturers to overcome technical barriers and rapidly deploy a seamless, financial-grade payment experience.
2025年12月16日

ISO 15118-20 Deep Dive: Unlocking a New Era of V2G and Smart Charging

The release of ISO 15118-20 marks the entry of electric vehicles into a new era of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) interaction. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the standard’s core innovations, including Bi-directional Power Transfer (BPT), Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), and Automated Connection Devices (ACD). We also explore the critical incompatibility challenges with ISO 15118-2 and reveal how the Charge Bridge single-module solution enables flexible adaptation to diverse standards, helping you secure a leading position in the future market.
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